This course was created with the
course builder. Create your online course today.
Start now
Create your course
with
Autoplay
Autocomplete
Previous Lesson
Complete and Continue
Organic Chemistry (Updated in 2018)
Summary of Organic Reactions
Summary of Organic Reactions
Chapter 1 - Electrons, Bonding, and Molecular Properties
Chapter 1 Slides
1.1 Lewis Structures (11:04)
1.2 Formal Charges (4:10)
1.3 Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization (17:30)
1.4 Molecular Orbital Theory (14:14)
1.5 Polarity (6:35)
1.6 Intermolecular Forces (20:16)
Chapter 2 - Molecular Representations and Resonance
Chapter 2 Slides
2.1 Condensed Structures (11:36)
2.2 Bond-Line Structures (15:26)
2.3a Resonance (17:37)
2.3b Resonance and Hybridization (5:34)
Chapter 3 - Acids and Bases
Chapter 3 Slides
3.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases (9:02)
3.2 Ranking Bases (14:52)
3.3 Ranking Acids (8:28)
Chapter 4 - Alkanes
Chapter 4 Part 1 Slides - Nomenclature of Alkanes
Chapter 4 Part 2 Slides - Constitutional Isomers and Conformations of Alkanes
4.1a Nomenclature of Alkanes (15:32)
4.1b Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes (8:20)
4.1c Systematic Nomenclature of Complex Substituents (4:22)
4.1d Common Names of Complex Substituents (7:53)
4.1e Nomenclature of Bicyclic Compounds (5:44)
4.2 Drawing Constitutional Isomers (6:18)
4.3 Newman Projections (8:20)
4.4 Cycloalkanes and Cyclohexane Chair Conformations (22:38)
Chapter 5 - Isomers and Stereochemistry
Chapter 5 Slides
5.1 Overview of Isomerism (7:24)
5.2 Chiral Centers and Chirality (5:23)
5.3 Absolute Configurations - Assigning R and S (14:47)
5.4 Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers (15:15)
5.5 Fischer Projections (6:13)
5.6 Determining the Relationship Between a Pair of Molecules (6:43)
5.7 Amine Inversion and Chiral Molecules Without Chiral Centers (5:23)
5.8 Optical Activity (7:40)
Chapter 6 - Introduction to Organic Reactions and Mechanisms
Chapter 6 Slides
6.1 Reaction Enthalpies and Bond Dissociation Energies (6:12)
6.2 Entropy, Gibbs Free Energy, and the Equilibrium Constant (9:44)
6.3 The Kinetics of Organic Reactions (4:41)
6.4 Nucleophiles, Electrophiles, and Intermediates (5:44)
6.5 Reaction Mechanisms and Curved Arrow Pushing (7:11)
Chapter 7 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
Chapter 7 Part 1 - Slides
Chapter 7 Part 2 Slides
7.1a Introduction to SN2 Reactions (9:14)
7.1b Factors Affecting SN2 Reactions (11:40)
7.2a Introduction to SN1 Reactions (4:45)
7.2b Carbocation Rearrangements in SN1 Reactions (8:30)
7.2c Racemization in SN1 Reactions (1:37)
7.2d Factors Affecting SN1 Reactions (4:51)
7.3 Unreactivity of Vinyl and Aryl Halides (2:09)
7.4 Predicting the Products of Substitution Reactions (18:05)
7.5 Nomenclature of Alkenes (15:18)
7.6 Stability of Alkenes (2:17)
7.7a Introduction to E2 Elimination Reactions (6:42)
7.7b Exceptions to Zaitsev's Rule for E2 Reactions (8:37)
7.7c The Stereospecificity of E2 Reactions -- Anti-periplanar (10:41)
7.8 Introduction to E1 Elimination Reactions (4:54)
7.9 Predicting the Products of Elimination Reactions (10:02)
7.10 Distinguishing Between Substitution and Elimination Reactions (16:53)
Chapter 8 - Addition Reactions to Alkenes
Chapter 8 Slides
8.1 Introduction to Alkene Addition Reactions (4:00)
8.2 Hydrohalogenation (5:08)
8.3a Hydration -- Acid-Catalyzed Hydration (3:25)
8.3b Hydration -- Oxymercuration-Demercuration (6:07)
8.3c Hydration -- Hydroboration-Oxidation (4:14)
8.4a Acid-Catalyzed Addition of an Alcohol (2:25)
8.4b Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration (1:15)
8.5 Catalytic Hydrogenation (3:17)
8.6a Halogenation (3:55)
8.6b Halohydrin Formation (3:20)
Halogenation Quiz (7 Questions)
8.7a Anti-Dihydroxylation (4:12)
8.7b Syn-Dihydroxylation (2:40)
8.8 Predicting the Products of Alkene Addition Reactions (10:18)
8.9 Oxidative Cleavage -- Ozonolysis and Permanganate Cleavage (4:49)
Chapter 9 - Alkynes
Chapter 9 Slides
9.1 Nomenclature of Alkynes (3:49)
9.2 Acidity of Alkynes (2:32)
9.3 Preparation of Alkynes (3:37)
9.4 Reduction of Alkynes (6:01)
9.5 Introduction to Addition Reactions of Alkynes (2:19)
9.6 Hydrohalogenation (3:17)
9.7 Halogenation (1:35)
9.8a Acid-Catalyzed Hydration (4:10)
9.8b Hydroboration-Oxidation (5:07)
9.8c Keto-Enol Tautomerization (3:58)
9.9 Ozonolysis (1:21)
9.10 Alkylation of Acetylide Ions (2:21)
Chapter 10 - Radical Reactions
Chapter 10 Slides
10.1 Introduction to Free Radical Halogenation (4:02)
10.2 Free Radical Chlorination vs Bromination (5:52)
10.3 The Mechanism of Free Radical Halogenation (7:52)
10.4 Allylic and Benzylic Bromination Using NBS (7:14)
10.5 Hydrobromination of Alkenes with Peroxide (4:23)
Chapter 11 - Synthesis
Chapter 11 Slides
11.1 Functional Group Conversions (4:19)
11.2 Increasing the Length of the Carbon Skeleton (8:06)
11.3 Decreasing the Length of the Carbon Chain or Opening a Ring (2:43)
11.4a Common Patterns in Synthesis Part 1 (5:25)
11.4b Common Patterns in Synthesis Part 2 (8:51)
11.4c Common Patterns in Synthesis Part 3 (5:20)
11.4d Common Patterns in Synthesis Part 4 (9:46)
Chapter 12 - Alcohols
Chapter 12 Slides
12.1 Properties and Nomenclature of Alcohols (4:47)
12.2 Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols (13:07)
12.3a Synthesis of Alcohols; Reduction of Ketones and Aldehydes (8:06)
12.3b Synthesis of Alcohols; Grignard Addition (8:19)
12.4 Protecting Alcohols (5:44)
12.5a Reaction with HCl, HBr, and HI (4:22)
12.5b Substitution with PBr3 and SOCl2 (5:05)
12.5c Formation of Tosylate Esters (3:37)
12.6 Elimination (Dehydration) (3:14)
12.7 Oxidation with Chromic Acid and PCC (9:25)
12.8 Patterns in Synthesis (9:00) (8:59)
Chapter 13 - Ethers, Epoxides, Thiols, and Sulfides
Chapter 13 Slides
13.1 Introduction to and Nomenclature of Ethers (2:42)
13.2 Crown Ethers (2:03)
13.3 Synthesis and Reactions of Ethers (6:35)
13.4 Nomenclature of Epoxides (3:00)
13.5 Synthesis of Epoxides (4:10)
13.6 Ring Opening of Epoxides (4:50)
13.7 Nomenclature, Synthesis, and Reactions of Thiols (4:38)
13.8 Nomenclature, Synthesis, and Reactions of Sulfides (2:52)
13.9 Patterns in Synthesis (8:38) (8:37)
Chapter 14 - IR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
Chapter 14 Part 1 Slides - IR Spectroscopy
Chapter 14 Part 2 Slides - Mass Spectrometry
14.1 Introduction to IR spectroscopy (10:57)
14.2a IR Spectra of Carbonyl Compounds (6:27)
14.2b The Effect of Conjugation on the Carbonyl Stretching Frequency (5:58)
14.3 Interpreting More IR Spectra (6:45)
14.4 Introduction to Mass Spectrometry (6:19)
14.5 Isotope Effects in Mass Spectrometry (6:30)
14.6a Fragmentation Patterns of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds (6:20)
14.6b Fragmentation Patterns for Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, and Amines (4:56)
14.6c Fragmentation Patterns for Ketones and Aldehydes (3:45)
Chapter 15 - NMR Spectroscopy
Chapter 15 Slides Part 1 -- The Number of Signals
Chapter 15 Slides Part 2 -- Interpreting NMR
15.1 Introduction to NMR (2:46)
15.2 The Number of Signals in C-13 NMR (4:53)
15.3 The Number of Signals in Proton NMR (10:38)
15.4 Homotopic vs Enantiotopic vs Diastereotopic (10:16)
15.5a The Chemical Shift in C-13 and Proton NMR (8:41)
15.5b The Integration or Area Under the Signal in Proton NMR (1:47)
15.5c The Splitting or Multiplicity in Proton NMR (4:55)
15.6a Interpreting NMR Example 1 (5:10)
15.6b Interpreting NMR Example 2 (7:43)
15.6c Interpreting NMR Example 3 (3:54)
15.6d Structural Determination From All Spectra Example 4 (5:58)
15.6e Structural Determination From All Spectra Example 5 (8:48)
15.7 Complex Splitting (11:42)
Chapter 16 - Conjugated Pi Systems
Chapter 16 Slides Part 1 - Conjugated Pi Systems
Chapter 16 Slides Part 2 - Pericyclic Reactions
16.1 Introduction to Conjugated Systems and Heats of Hydrogenation (8:20)
16.2a Introduction to Pi Molecular Orbitals - Ethylene (6:57)
16.2b Pi Molecular Orbitals - 1,3-Butadiene (6:17)
16.2c Pi Molecular Orbitals - the Allyl System (5:15)
16.2d Pi Molecular Orbitals - 1,3,5-Hexatriene (5:31)
16.3 UV-Vis Spectroscopy (1:51)
16.4 Addition Reactions to Conjugated Dienes (10:51)
16.5a Introduction to Diels-Alder Reactions (7:43)
16.5b Stereoselectivity and Regioselectivity in Diels-Alder Reactions (11:59)
16.5c Diels-Alder Reactions with Cyclic Dienes (10:03)
16.5d Conservation of Orbital Symmetry in Diels-Alder Reactions (3:41)
16.6 Cycloaddition Reactions (9:39)
16.7 Electrocyclic Reactions (14:20)
16.8 Sigmatropic Rearrangements (6:15)
Chapter 17 - Aromatic Compounds
Chapter 17 Slides
17.1 Nomenclature of Benzenes (9:48)
17.2a Criteria for Aromatic Compounds (5:30)
17.2b Aromatic vs Nonaromatic vs Antiaromatic (15:57)
17.3 The Effects of Aromaticity on SN1 Reactions and Acidity-Basicity (4:00)
17.4 Aromaticity and Molecular Orbital Theory (8:24)
Chapter 18 - Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
Chapter 18 Slides
18.1 Introduction to Aromatic Substitution Reactions (6:28)
18.2a EAS - Bromination and Chlorination (4:38)
18.2b EAS - Sulfonation and Desulfonation (2:26)
18.2c EAS - Nitration (2:56)
18.2d EAS - Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation (10:36)
18.2e EAS - Activating and Deactivating Groups and Ortho-Para and Meta Directors (12:08)
18.2f EAS - Predicting the Products of EAS Reactions (5:18)
18.3 Catalytic Hydrogenation and the Birch Reduction (2:13)
18.4a - Side-Chain Oxidation with Permanganate or Chromic Acid (1:35)
18.4b - Benzylic Bromination with NBS (1:16)
18.4c - The Clemmensen and Wolff Kishner Reductions (5:12)
18.4d - Side-Chain General Reduction (1:26)
18.5 - Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (6:41)
18.6 Patterns in Synthesis (14:18) (14:18)
Chapter 19 - Ketones and Aldehydes
Chapter 19 Slides
19.1 Nomenclature of Ketones and Aldehydes (5:33)
19.2 Synthesis of Ketones and Aldehydes (3:15)
19.3 Introduction to Nucleophilic Addition Reactions (6:37)
19.4 Hydration (Addition of Water) (3:06)
19.5a Addition of Alcohols (7:16)
19.5b Cyclic Acetals as Protecting Groups (4:26)
19.6a Addition of Primary Amines (Imine Formation) (6:19)
19.6b Addition of Secondary Amines (Enamine Formation) (4:31)
19.6c Mechanism for the Woff Kishner Reduction (4:45)
19.7 Reduction via Thioacetals (1:17)
19.8 Hydride Reduction Reactions (2:43)
19.9a Addition of Acetylide Ions and Grignard Reagents (1:09)
19.9b Addition of HCN (Cyanohydrin Formation) (1:02)
19.9c The Wittig Reaction (5:19)
19.10 Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation (2:52)
19.11 Patterns in Synthesis (12:32) (12:32)
Chapter 20 - Carboxylic Acids and Acid Derivatives
Chapter 20 Slides
20.1 Introduction to and Physical Properties of Carboyxylic Acids and Acid Derivatives (3:47)
20.2a Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids (2:25)
20.2b Nomenclature of Acid Halides (0:50)
20.2c Nomenclature of Acid Anhydrides (1:20)
20.2d Nomenclature of Esters (1:46)
20.2e Nomenclature of Amides (1:05)
20.2f Nomenclature of Nitriles (0:44)
20.3 Introduction to Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (4:08)
20.4 Reaction with Organometallic Reagents (3:28)
20.5 Hydride Reduction (9:46)
20.6 Interconversion of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives (6:58)
20.7 The Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (7:52)
20.8a Synthesis of Acid Halides (3:34)
20.8b Reactions of Acid Halides (3:25)
20.9 Synthesis and Reactions of Acid Anhydrides (2:42)
20.10a Synthesis of Esters (6:00)
20.10b Reactions of Esters (5:07)
20.11 Synthesis and Reactions of Carboxylic Acids (5:52)
20.12 Synthesis and Reactions of Amides (1:54)
20.13 Synthesis and Reactions of Nitriles (3:32)
20.14 Patterns in Synthesis (9:16) (9:16)
Chapter 21 - Substitution Reactions at the Alpha Carbon
Chapter 21 Slides
21.1 Acidity of the Alpha Hydrogen (8:28)
21.2 General Mechanisms of Alpha Substitution Reactions (1:57)
21.3a Alpha Halogenation (4:03)
21.3b The Haloform Reaction (1:28)
21.3c The HVZ Reaction (1:11)
21.4a Alpha Alkylation (2:26)
21.4b The Stork Synthesis (1:45)
21.5a Introduction to Aldol Reactions (3:40)
21.5b Mechanisms of Aldol Reactions (8:19)
21.5c Mixed Aldol Reactions (4:11)
21.5d Intramolecular Aldol Reactions (2:25)
21.6a Claisen Condensation Reactions (5:32)
21.6b Dieckmann Condensation Reactions (2:13)
21.7a Beta-Decarboxylation (2:21)
21.7b The Malonic Ester Synthesis (3:24)
21.7c The Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis (2:24)
21.8 Michael Reactions (6:56)
21.9 The Robinson Annulation (3:42)
21.10 Patterns in Synthesis (5:34) (5:33)
Chapter 22 - Amines
Chapter 22 Slides
22.1 Classification of Amines (2:16)
22.2 Nomenclature of Amines (4:16)
22.3 Basicity of Amines (2:18)
22.4a Synthesis of Amines - Reduction (1:57)
22.4b Synthesis of Amines - Hofmann Rearrangement (3:08)
22.4c Synthesis of Amines - Curtius Rearrangement and Schmidt Reaction (2:07)
22.4d Synthesis of Amines - Gabriel Synthesis (4:08)
22.4e Synthesis of Amines - Reductive Amination (1:50)
22.5 Acylation (0:58)
22.6 Hofmann Elimination (4:00)
22.7 Cope Elimination (1:04)
22.8a Reaction with Nitrous Acid and the Sandmeyer Reactions (2:00)
22.8b Azo Coupling (1:17)
22.9 EAS Reactions with Nitrogen Heterocycles (2:18)
22.10 Patterns in Synthesis (9:57) (9:56)
18.2d EAS - Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation (10:36)
Lesson content locked
If you're already enrolled,
you'll need to login
.
Enroll in Course to Unlock